Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by high levels of the hormone cortisol. It is also known as hypercortisolism. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands and helps the body respond to stress. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is the long-term use of glucocorticoid medicines such as prednisone.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome can vary from person to person, but typically include:
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Weight gain, especially around the midsection
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A rounded face
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High blood pressure
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Weakness in the arms and legs
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Decreased libido
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Osteoporosis
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Stretch marks on the skin
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Acne
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Fatigue
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Irritability
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Purple stretch marks on the skin
Causes
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. This can be due to a tumor on the adrenal gland, or a tumor in the brain (pituitary gland) that makes too much of the hormone ACTH which stimulates the adrenal gland to make cortisol. Cushing’s syndrome can also be caused by taking certain medications, such as prednisone, for a long period of time.
Risk Factors
Anyone taking glucocorticoid medications, such as prednisone, for long periods of time is at risk of developing Cushing's syndrome. People with tumors on the adrenal gland or pituitary gland are also at risk.
Prevention
The best way to prevent Cushing's syndrome is to avoid taking glucocorticoid medications for a long period of time. If you are prescribed these medications, it is important to take them as prescribed and not to exceed the recommended dose. If you have a tumor on the adrenal gland or pituitary gland, it is important to get regular checkups to monitor your cortisol levels.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome usually involves a combination of tests, including blood tests and imaging studies. Blood tests measure the amount of cortisol and other hormones in the body. Imaging studies such as CT scans and MRIs can help identify any tumors on the adrenal gland or pituitary gland.
Treatment
Treatment for Cushing's syndrome depends on the cause. If the cause is a tumor on the adrenal gland or pituitary gland, surgery may be necessary to remove the tumor. If the cause is long-term use of glucocorticoid medications, the medication will need to be stopped. Other treatments may include radiation therapy and medications that block the production of cortisol.
Coping and Support
Living with Cushing's syndrome can be difficult, but there are ways to cope. It is important to stay informed and educated about the condition, and to talk to your doctor about any concerns or questions you may have. It is also helpful to connect with other people who have Cushing's syndrome and share experiences.
Complications
Cushing's syndrome can lead to serious complications, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions and to get regular checkups to monitor your condition and to catch any potential complications early.
Living with Cushing's Syndrome
Living with Cushing's syndrome can be challenging, but with proper treatment and support, it is possible to lead a full and healthy life. It is important to take care of your physical and mental health, eat a healthy diet, and get regular exercise. It is also important to stay informed and educated about the condition, and to talk to your doctor about any concerns or questions you may have.
